FOUR SCHOOLS IN ISLAM

Imam four series are priests center maz jurisprudence in Islam. Those priests to four schools that developed in Islam. They are well known to all the people in the days of the past and to the present. They are:
Abu Hanifah Annu'man
Malik ibn Anas
Muhammad Idris ash-Shafi'i
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal
Because of their sacrifice and the evidence against the holy of holies of Islam, particularly in the science of jurisprudence they have reached a good level or position and height in Islam. Remains of them are great practice and science of jurisprudence that a lasting splendor for the religion of Islam and the Muslims in general.

Because fertility and fame in the science of jurisprudence alongside their efforts manifold to Islam their names are well known in the glory days of Islam.
They work hard to preserve and foster the teachings of Islam and broadcast to all the people especially in the science of Islamic jurisprudence since publication nur.
Knowledge is our attention to the historical development of the science of law or in Islamic jurisprudence. Religion Islam conveyed to all mankind. Sources or principal doctrine is Quranul Karim, a book that is not an iota of falsehood, revealed by Allah swt. Lord most intelligent and highly commendable.
Al-Quran is a book of 'Aqeedah (belief) and sharia (law), who talked about the acts of worship and also talked about the constitution or system of worldly life, such as family law (Family Law) law of sale (Commercial Law) and regulation of daily habits (Civil Law) relating to the criminal law (Criminal Law) and replies, as well as how to get along with one another or from one group to another, and also how the relationship t ara nation (International Relations) .
In addition to the Quran as the main source, there is also the Hadith of the Prophet. who serve as interpreters or lights, or penerap pengkhusus and observers. Each chapter or of the legal outcome of jurisprudence we can hadiths to explain or apply the interest can be as proof of God's word. to His Prophet.
وأنزلننا إليك الذ كر لتبين للناس ما نزل اليهم لعلهم يتفكرون.
Meaning:
That We (Allah) sent down to you so that you may explain to mankind what has been revealed to them and that they want to think.
Prophet. explain its teachings with the sayings, deeds and cry while Muslims face something of a problem or problems concerning their laws directly to the Prophet and asked the Prophet. He replied to them with the revelation of God.
وما ينطق عن الهوى. إن هو إلا وحي يوحى.
Meaning:
And Allah does not speak according to his will but by the revelation of God.
Prophet taught to his companions. They are a good response and refined the ideas of their respective ideologies and actually participate and sincere. Therefore, they received a greeting or conversation and priceless.
Prophet justify them for jihad if there is no basic texts or earlier, so they do not just stick to the texts of al-kitab al-hadith and without deviating from the principles or rules of religion.
Prophet sent Mu'adh bin Jabal to Yemen as the country's Preachers and appointed as judges (Kadli). The apostle said to Mu'adh: "How do you in completing sesu a tu issue when asked about the laws?". Muaz replied: "According to the Koran". He asked again: "If it is not in the Quran?" He replied: "The Sunnah Hadith the Prophet". Apostle asked: If not in the sunnah hadith of the Prophet? "He replied:" I do jihad ".
Apostle Muaz patted his chest with awe and said: "Praise be to Allah. Messenger who gives guidance to the blessed Prophet with or authorized by His messenger.
The laws of fiqh conclusions also time of the Prophet is not only based on the obligatory fate or fantasy but based on what actually happened, because in those days when something happens the determination or ruling will be told by God through revelation or hadith the Prophet.
It is customary that the science of jurisprudence in the period after the Prophet's death wider because the science of jurisprudence is a matter of life and fertility by age developments, as something to do with the daily lives of people in both the general problem and the issue of individual and in a community .
If human life in the daily increasingly wide and branched seta complications, the science of jurisprudence by itself will be extensive. Muslim Life more advanced and widespread, Islamic teachings have spread to many countries around the world then ramailah man who changed the religion of Islam, and many are events or incidents that have occurred while the legal texts of the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet there is time and its boundaries, but the incidence remains widely grown and did not stop to stop (non-stop): it can not be held that the inference laws and ijtihad.
At age four caliphs had been born symptoms or early signs of ijtihad. People who are first and foremost in this regard is the Caliph Umar bin Khattab is in the science of jurisprudence has emerged a few steps forward.
Every one of the companions take any conclusions from the Qur'an and hadith and they can just tell their opinions. From that trip science of jurisprudence continued to move forward.
Among them were: Medina is Umar, Ali, Abdullah ibn Umar, Zayd ibn Thabit, Ubai bin Ka'b and Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, whereas in Mecca is: Abdullah bin Abbas, in Kufa: Atbah bin Abdullah bin society should be ' uud, in Egypt: Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Ash.
They are the same divisions as the stars in the sky studded. They infer the laws of jurisprudence in adjusting the place, time and people.
The friends of Allah has many disciples or followers who learn on their disciples or followers was called At-Tabi'in. They called tabi'in because they came later after his companions. They follow the teachings of the Prophet and his companions. They follow the path of those before them. Following what appears to us that half of tabi'in, they just stick to the hadith and naql (follow the Quran and hadith texts) and while most of the others in addition to keeping the passages from the Quran and hadith they tried to remove the law by using reason and thought.
No doubt to us that the displacement tabi'in to all countries and cities, it becomes broad is a government, than that they experience some of the events and happenings that have never been experienced by previous companions, and it is obligatory for them to find and discussed or studied it so broad is the science of jurisprudence.
Need we recall that the science of jurisprudence were taught the Companions and the tabi'in not by adhering to the spelling-pronunciation nas. But he took or based on science, laws to consider because (illat) when they want to give fatwas. As we already know the opinion of the tabi'in variety, this is because it allows a place or condition of the country beside each have benefits and drawbacks also about understanding the intentions of Al-Quran and Hadith.
As a result or a hint of possible conditions and situations, so everyone learned the science of fiqh tabi'in group had several different opinions and this is called sects among them; Medina was Said Al-Musayyib and Abdullah ibn Umar, Mecca Yahya bin Said bin Rabi'a bin Abul Rahman and Atta Ribah, Ibrahim bin Annukhaii in Kufa, in Basra, Al-Hassan Al-Basri, in Yemen and in Tawoos bin Kisan Makhul Sham and others.
In the year 100 Hijri, the fifth Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz ordered that sent the scholars and jurists across the country. Ten people were clerics sent to countries in Africa, they are: Abdul Rahman Al-Habli, Saad Al-Batihin, Ismail ibn 'Ubayd ibn Abdul Rahman Rafi' Al-Mu'afiri Muhab, Hiyyan bin Abi talent, Fuel Ibn Sauda, ​​Jaathal bin Ha'an, Talq Ibni Jaabaan and Ismail bin Abdullah.
Abu Bakr al-Maliki has told them about it in his book named "Riyadh Annufuus".
The government has s irna Umayyads and Abbasids government also arise because a dispute arose among the people 'Alwiyyin and Abbasiyyin, as well as disputes between Shiites and Kharijites. At that time there was also an understanding that combine pemikitan Arab and Greek thought (Old Greek) that as a hint of the translation and transfer of sciences. At this time also compiled the Sunnah-sunnah of the Prophet and the fatwas or opinions mufti-mufti. Science of jurisprudence have been famous throughout the country, and many are the people who follow and practice it. As natijahnya born some classes or groups of jurists. Each fiqaha follow previous jurists and make a little extra. Abu Ishak Ash-Shirazi explains this in detail in his book named "Tabaqat al-fiqaha".
In the current era name priests four series have been distinguished and well-known. They are like the full moon surrounded by some of the firmament of stars and moons.
In today's age arises Madrasah Al-Ra'i and al-Aqal. Besides Madrasah Al-Hadith and Madrasah Al-naql. Both schools (madrasah) is increasingly becoming popular and have a place especially in the wider community.
It is customary that the Madrasah al-Hadith is more advanced in the Hejaz in general and in particular in Medina. Since the Hijaz is the birthplace as-Sunnah. M a dinah also the country to which the Prophet companions received the hadiths and spreading.
It is customary also that Madrasah Al-Ra'i developed in Iraq because Iraq is a country that is new when compared to the Hijaz and also from spreading far as-Sunnah where there is a modern law library. Pernduduk-residents of the country of Iraq requires arguments provide a satisfactory understanding them. From here the broad is the realm of thought and mind.
Al-Quran and Hadith the Prophet is as a source of law in the science of Islamic jurisprudence which originally was in the days of the Prophet, prayers and peace be upon. These sources increased following the developments of the times and broad is the science of jurisprudence. Some of the jurists menghalusi or difficult to accept with pleasure that sometimes they have ten sources of law.
Apart from the Al-Quran and Hadith are the opinions of the friends of Allah. And finally Al-Ijma 'mean by ijma' is entirely human approval (uninomusli) or a matter of law that does not exist or the texts of the Qur'an or the Hadith.
Fuqaha mentarifkan (define) of Al-Ijma 'is the consent of all the members-ahlu Mujtahid of Muslims, at a time in an Islamic rules'
There are also Al-Qiyas further information, that the Islamic Shari'a ghalibnya have some illat (cause) is known. If there is a legal instrument, which has dinaskan then be transferred to the law that are not there nasnya Illatnya when found together, it is sometimes said to equation (Attaswiyah or Al-IlhaqI. As with an of the priests Qiyas equate with ijtihad and thoughts .
Record should use qiyas to someone who learned about the Quran and hadith. Also a pious about people's opinions and approval prior Muslims, and knowing Arabic, and should he devote full energies to finding and conclude the goal.
In the field of Fiqh Al-istihsan some point reject damages and interest to the goodness in the rules of religion in general is for the purpose of seeking pleasure in the laws that apply to both general and specific.
Some of the scholars define: Al-istihsan is a matter of changing laws, if set to follow the law as it would be more robust and appropriate. There are also those who mentarifkan, the conversion of existing laws nash Personality 'to other laws that are supported by arguments of Personality' and agreed with the change.
In science there are Al-Fiqh Al-mursalah Masalih sometimes also termed the Al-Istislah or in other words look for the good, the intention is to hold a law for something that happened which no texts or ijma 'old law about it. Aims to keep the ruse delivery (mursalaat) or mutlaqat ie with no ties to the prescripts of Personality 'which describes legal or cancel it, and including things that are not mentioned law.
There was also guarding al-urf or customary or traditional life among men. Usually this is related to the word or deed but the terms do not conflict with God's laws or regulations do not conflict with religion.
Principal or sources of law is developing in the field of Islamic jurisprudence. Four priests often know this very well some of them will accept it and some of the others do not want to accept it or reject it, and some are hesitant to accept it.
It is no doubt for us that the sources of this law is to a large repertory that opened the doors in the science of Islamic jurisprudence, he added treasury, power and customization.
In addition we discuss the light-light (hint-hint) that illuminate the field of Islamic sharia we will also discuss the history of their lives with concise nor less.
We will talk about the life history of each one of them in several angles: the life and birth, life, teachers, students, the journey of life, efforts, influences, books which they set, these properties and character, the words of praise from colleagues and the people, the next trials and sufferings they experienced.
The readers or their life history researchers will be able to know how their suffering and difficulties in the fight for faith and his views, they remain patient and steadfast heart, and in the end they won praise from the people and they will get credit anyway of God.
Along with this I have to say also with words of wisdom and good advice so that we can understand how thoughts and their views in matters of religion. Do not miss too I'm talking about their relationship with poetry, song, and also the pleasures of life, I explained all of this is intended to explain how the adjustment of Islam on this and how to adjust them in the field of information laws.
And so we know that the religion of almighty divine creation given to man by a new and glorious way to make a monk at night time and day time hero. The religion does not forbid people to rejoice with his people and the natural beauty of the pleasures of life. As long as it does not violate the innocent. Nor are they negligent of their responsibilities.
We must remember that a great deeds can be eliminated if less extensive differences between religion and life, also eliminated distances diada forge between religion and art and we should trust the repeated conversations before this; When members of religious art and art as well as members of their religion will meet in the street to berhidmat to the enormous faith and art is good and clean.
I will also mention here a very dangerous condition which is that many of the people who want to try their living standards drop, and humiliating them in several ways, for example they say that they are just like everyone else, makes error and evil, and no good we imitate or hear their opinions. Their goal is simply to negate or remove the huge Islamic library built by the priests.
With light (guidance) and faith and help of God. through Al-Quran and Sunnah, they are well prepared and memorize the Quran and the hadith of the Prophet collect in addition, they also studied other sciences. Do not miss all the teachings they studied them before and they remain patient and steadfast in the face of an ordeal.
The soul and the senses they wipe with worship and bertahajjud to God with sincerity and full of faith.
People who are not happy to Islam tried menantangkan doubts over some of the rules and teachings of religion. They split up to Islam by way of variety. They began to launch attacks to the clerics because they are the same as human beings. After that they went on the attack to the schools of fiqh as priests Ma'sum they do not then they launched an attack to the hadiths of the Prophet by saying that many of the hadiths of the Prophet are added or modified, in the end there was no other way except by attacking Al- Quran.
At the bottom of their souls that push them to act that way.
يريدون أن يطفؤ نورالله بأفواههم ويأبى الله إل أن يتم نوره ولوكره الكافرون.
That they (traitors) want to extinguish the light (nur) guidance of Allah with their mouths, but God did not allow it but God has perfected the light is even hated by unbelievers.
Having completed our discussion of the history of the life of priests four series, the good as well if also discussed the history of the lives of the other priests, such as Al-Allith bin Thabit Al-Auzaii, Ibn Hazam, David Az-Zohari, Zaid bin Ali Ja ' As far-Sadik Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim hopefully Allah be pleased with them all.
I pray to Allah swt. This may be amalanku to God alone and be blessed, and may provide benefit and He (Allah) noble-noble Lord and He is a noble-noble dipinta or expected. Most holy God, which if he wanted, he pointed across the human power to the straight and true.